GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ALGORITHMIC STRUCTURE SYNTHESIS OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THEIR APPLICATION IN TRANSPORT AUTOMATION

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the general principles of algorithmic structure synthesis of automatic control systems (ACS) and to substantiating the prospects for their application in modern transport automation, including SCADA systems, PLC controllers, IoT sensors, and Industry 4.0 technologies. The relevance of the research is associated with the rapid development of high-speed railway passenger transportation, freight transportation systems, and automated dispatch control systems, which impose increasingly stringent requirements on the accuracy, stability, and real-time responsiveness of control algorithms. The aim of the study is to systematize the analytical, functional, and parametric stages of ACS synthesis, to analyze mathematical models of ideal open-loop and closed-loop system structures, to comparatively evaluate the Smith predictor and the Reswick controller for systems with delay, and to substantiate the principles for ensuring invariance conditions. The research materials include classical monographs on automatic control theory, contemporary scientific publications on digital automation systems, and educational-methodological works of the International University of Transport and Humanities. Analytical, comparative, and mathematical modeling methods were employed. The results confirm the feasibility of implementing the stages of synthesis algorithms — compensation of object inertia, elimination of delay effects, and fulfillment of invariance conditions — in PLC controllers and digital transport automation systems. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of directly applying the obtained results in the design of control algorithms for railway automation facilities, including tonal track circuits, ALS-ARS systems, and SCADA servers.