OPTIMIZATION OF LOGISTICS COSTS IN THE RAILWAY FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Abstract

In the context of economic globalization, increasing complexity of supply chains, and rising requirements for transport system efficiency, the problem of managing logistics costs in railway transportation becomes particularly relevant. Railway transport plays a key role in the transport system of the Republic of Kazakhstan, ensuring a significant share of freight turnover and forming the basis of the country’s transit potential. Therefore, the study of logistics cost formation and optimization methods is an important scientific and practical task. The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical justification and develop practical recommendations for optimizing logistics costs in railway transportation based on the total cost concept. To achieve this purpose, the study addresses the following objectives: to define the economic essence of logistics costs; to analyze the structure and dynamics of railway logistics expenses; to identify key factors affecting cost levels; and to substantiate directions for cost reduction using a logistics and systems approach. The results of the study show that traditional cost management methods focused mainly on transportation expenses do not fully reveal efficiency improvement reserves. It is proven that the application of the total logistics cost concept allows reducing transportation costs through optimization of procurement activities, inventory management, and rationalization of transport processes. Practical recommendations are proposed to improve accounting and analysis of logistics costs and to implement logistics controlling. In conclusion, the study confirms the feasibility of introducing integrated logistics management in railway companies. The obtained results can be used in managerial decision-making aimed at increasing economic efficiency and competitiveness of railway transport.